选矿自动化技术自二å世纪四å年代å‘展以æ¥ï¼Œç»è¿‡ 70 多年的å‘展,已ç»å–得了飞速的进æ¥ã€‚åœ¨ä¼ ç»Ÿé€‰çŸ¿æŠ€æœ¯ä¹‹ä¸ï¼Œå·¥äººä¾é 自身ç»éªŒè¿›è¡Œæ‰‹åŠ¨é€‰çŸ¿ï¼Œæ— æ³•å¯¹ç”Ÿäº§è¿‡ç¨‹æ— æ³•è¿›è¡Œå‡†ç¡®ã€åŠæ—¶çš„控制,从而达ä¸åˆ°ç”Ÿäº§æŒ‡æ ‡çš„è¦æ±‚。实现选矿生产自动化以åŽï¼Œé€šè¿‡ä½¿ç”¨ä¸€äº›è‡ªåŠ¨åŒ–水平较高的设备,ä¸ä»…å‡å°‘了生产æˆæœ¬ï¼Œè€Œä¸”使产å“è´¨é‡å’Œç”Ÿäº§æ•ˆçŽ‡å¾—到æ高,é™ä½Žäº†åŽŸæ料的æŸè€—,使工人的劳动强度é™ä½Žã€‚æˆ‘å›½è¿‘å‡ å¹´ä¸æ–å‘展的自动化选矿技术,对选矿过程ä¸çš„å½±å“å› ç´ è¿›è¡Œç»¼åˆæ€§çš„考虑,éšç€çŸ¿çŸ³æ€§è´¨çš„改å˜ï¼Œå¯¹å„ç§å˜é‡è¿›è¡ŒåŠæ—¶çš„控制,æ高了选矿的质é‡ã€‚选矿自动化生产主è¦åŒ…å«ä»¥ä¸‹å‡ 个方é¢ï¼šæµ®é€‰ã€ç£¨çŸ¿å’Œç ´ç¢Žç‰ï¼Œé€šè¿‡ä½¿ç”¨è®¡ç®—机网络对生产管ç†å’Œè°ƒåº¦è¿›è¡Œè‡ªåŠ¨åŒ–管ç†ï¼Œä½¿ç”Ÿäº§è¿‡ç¨‹è¾¾åˆ°æœ€ä¼˜çŠ¶æ€ï¼Œæ高了回收率ã€ç²¾çŸ¿å“ä½å’Œäº§é‡ï¼Œæœ€ç»ˆå®žçŽ°å‡å°‘消耗和æ高质é‡çš„目的。
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ç ´ç¢Žæœºæ˜¯ç”Ÿäº§è¿‡ç¨‹ä¸çš„é‡è¦è®¾å¤‡ï¼Œå…·æœ‰ç²’度å‡åŒ€ã€è€—能少ã€äº§é‡é«˜å’Œç ´ç¢Žæ¯”高的特å¾ï¼Œç»è¿‡å¤šå¹´çš„改进与å‘å±•ï¼Œç ´ç¢Žç³»ç»Ÿå’Œè®¾å¤‡å–得了长足的å‘展。国内外很多厂商都对设备进行了完善和改进,å–得了良好的效果,推出了节能ã€å¯é 和高效的产å“ã€‚åœ¨ç ´ç¢Žè®¾å¤‡ä¸Šé…置了自动控制装备和检测仪表,从而达到了æ高产é‡ã€ç¨³å®šæ“作和设备ä¿æŠ¤çš„目的。
æˆ‘å›½çŸ¿å±±çŽ°æœ‰ç ´ç¢Žæœºä»¥ 20 世纪 60_70 年代è€è®¾å¤‡å±…多 ,并一直在生产ä¸å‘挥ç€é‡è¦çš„作用。若对这些è€è®¾å¤‡è¿›è¡Œè‡ªåŠ¨åŒ–æ”¹é€ ï¼Œå®žçŽ°è‡ªåŠ¨æŽ§åˆ¶ï¼Œå…·æœ‰è‰¯å¥½çš„çŽ°å®žæ„义。
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在选矿工艺ä¸ï¼Œç£¨çŸ¿ä½œä¸šæ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªå¿…ä¸å¯å°‘çš„é‡è¦å·¥è‰ºçŽ¯èŠ‚,其工作状æ€çš„好åå¯¹é€‰çŸ¿å·¥è‰ºæŒ‡æ ‡ã€èƒ½æºæ¶ˆè€—以åŠç”Ÿäº§æˆæœ¬çš„å½±å“至关é‡è¦ï¼Œç›´æŽ¥å…³ç³»åˆ°é€‰çŸ¿ç”Ÿäº§çš„处ç†èƒ½åŠ›ã€ç£¨çŸ¿äº§å“çš„è´¨é‡ï¼Œå¯¹åŽç»ä½œä¸šçš„æŒ‡æ ‡ä¹ƒè‡³æ•´ä¸ªé€‰çŸ¿åŽ‚çš„ç»æµŽæŠ€æœ¯æŒ‡æ ‡æœ‰å¾ˆå¤§çš„å½±å“ã€‚ä¸ºäº†å……åˆ†æŒ–æŽ˜ç£¨çŸ¿åˆ†çº§ä½œä¸šçš„å†…åœ¨æ½œåŠ›ï¼Œå¯»æ±‚é«˜æ•ˆçš„æœ‰æ•ˆé€”å¾„ï¼Œå¯¹ç£¨çŸ¿åˆ†çº§è‡ªåŠ¨æŽ§åˆ¶çš„è¯•éªŒç ”ç©¶å…·æœ‰å分é‡è¦çš„æ„义。磨矿系统有 4 个主è¦çš„æŠ€æœ¯çš„æŒ‡æ ‡ï¼šçƒç£¨æœºå°æ—¶å¤„ç†é‡ã€ç£¨çŸ¿ç²’度ã€ç£¨çŸ¿æµ“度和溢æµæµ“度。影å“è¿™äº›æŠ€æœ¯æŒ‡æ ‡é™¤äº†åŽŸçŸ¿æ€§è´¨ä»¥å¤–ï¼Œè¿˜ä¸ŽæŽ’çŸ¿æ°´é‡ã€è¿”ç ‚æ°´é‡ã€ç£¨æœºå……填率ç‰å› ç´ æœ‰å…³ã€‚å› æ¤ï¼Œæœ‰å¿…è¦å¯¹ç£¨çŸ¿ç³»ç»Ÿå®žæ–½è‡ªåŠ¨æŽ§åˆ¶ï¼Œå…¶ç›®çš„是为了æ高磨机效率,稳定分级溢æµç²’度,为选别作业æä¾›åˆæ ¼çš„溢æµäº§å“。
磨矿作业是一个å分ç¹ç的过程ä¸ï¼Œå…·æœ‰å¾ˆå¼ºçš„耦åˆæ€§ï¼Œåªä¾æ®å•è¾“出和å•è¾“入的PID å¾ˆéš¾å¯¹å›žè·¯è¿›è¡Œæœ‰æ•ˆçš„æŽ§åˆ¶ï¼Œå› æ¤ï¼Œåº”该使用模糊控制器,ä¿è¯å›žè·¯èƒ½å¤Ÿå调的工作,最终实现整个系统的自动化æ“作,针对回路的特å¾ï¼Œåº”该使用ä¸åŒçš„ç–略进行控制,在简å•çš„回路之ä¸ï¼Œå¯ä»¥ä½¿ç”¨æ™ºèƒ½ PID 进行控制,在å¤æ‚的回路之ä¸ï¼Œä½¿ç”¨æ¨¡ç³ŠæŽ§åˆ¶å’Œä¸²çº§æŽ§åˆ¶ç‰ã€‚å„智能 PID æŽ§åˆ¶å›žè·¯çš„ç»™å®šå€¼ç”±ä¸€ä¸ªæ¨¡ç³ŠæŽ§åˆ¶å™¨æ ¹æ®ç³»ç»Ÿè¿è¡Œæƒ…况自动计算。当矿石硬度ã€ç²’度ã€ç£¨æœºä»‹è´¨ã€è´Ÿè·é‡ç‰å‘生å˜åŒ–时,çƒç£¨æœºçš„最佳处ç†é‡å°†å‘生å˜åŒ–,这时磨矿作业的控制å‚æ•°å¿…é¡»åŠæ—¶ä½œå‡ºç›¸åº”的调整。
磨矿过程自动控制系统包括:磨机给矿é‡è‡ªåŠ¨æŽ§åˆ¶ï¼Œç£¨çŸ¿æµ“度自动控制,细碎矿仓料ä½è‡ªåŠ¨æŽ§åˆ¶ï¼Œæ—‹æµå™¨æ³µæ± 液ä½è‡ªåŠ¨æŽ§åˆ¶ã€ç»™çŸ¿æµ“自动控制度ã€ç»™çŸ¿åŽ‹åŠ›è‡ªåŠ¨æŽ§åˆ¶ï¼Œå®žçŽ°æ™ºèƒ½ç»™æ°´ã€ç»™çŸ¿åŠç£¨æœºå·¥å†µçš„自动分æžã€æ•…障判æ–ã€åŽ†å²èµ„料归档ã€äº‹æ•…报è¦ã€æ•…éšœä¿æŠ¤ç‰ã€‚按照结构简å•ã€è¿è¡Œå¯é ã€æ“ä½œæ–¹ä¾¿çš„åŽŸåˆ™ï¼Œå¯¹ç ´ç¢ŽæŽ§åˆ¶ç³»ç»Ÿã€è‡ªç£¨ä¸€ç»†ç¢Žä¸€ç£¨çŸ¿æŽ§åˆ¶ç³»ç»Ÿå®žæ–½æŽ§åˆ¶ï¼Œå¹¶å¼•å…¥å›½å¤–æˆç†Ÿçš„优化软件调节整个过程,å调系统稳定地è¿è¡Œã€‚在磨矿é—路环节ä¸å¼•å…¥â€œå®žéªŒâ€æ¨¡åž‹ï¼Œå®žçŽ°äº†åŠŸçŽ‡ã€æ—‹æµå™¨æ²‰ç ‚ã€åŽŸçŸ¿æ€§è´¨ç‰å¤šå› ç´ çš„ç»¼åˆåˆ†æžåˆ¤æ–,在磨矿作业ä¸å®žçŽ°äº†å…ˆè¿›çš„控制ç†è®ºä¸ŽçŸ¿å±±çŽ°åœºå·¥ä¸šå®žè·µçš„结åˆã€‚
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在浮选过程ä¸ï¼ŒåŠ è¯æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªé‡è¦çš„çŽ¯èŠ‚ï¼ŒåŠ è¯ä¼šå¯¹é€‰çŸ¿æŒ‡æ ‡äº§ç”Ÿç›´æŽ¥çš„å½±å“ï¼Œåœ¨ä¼ ç»Ÿçš„é€‰çŸ¿å·¥ä½œä¹‹ä¸ï¼Œä¸€ç›´ä½¿ç”¨äººå·¥åŠ è¯çš„æ–¹å¼ï¼Œä½¿ç”¨äººå·¥è°ƒèŠ‚çš„æ–¹å¼è¿›è¡ŒæŽ§åˆ¶ï¼Œåœ¨äººå·¥æ“作 的过程ä¸ï¼Œå—到技术ç»éªŒã€ç†Ÿç»ƒç¨‹åº¦ã€è´£ä»»å¿ƒå’Œç»åŽ†ç‰å› ç´ çš„åˆ¶çº¦ï¼Œæ— æ³•é’ˆå¯¹è¿‡ç¨‹çš„å˜åŒ–情况进行有效的调节,éšç€é€‰çŸ¿ä¼ä¸šè‡ªåŠ¨åŒ–ã€è¿žç»åŒ–和大型化的å‘å±•ï¼Œå¯¹åŠ è¯ç³»ç»Ÿçš„自动化水平æ出了进一æ¥çš„è¦æ±‚,以往使用的管ç†æ–¹å¼ä¸èƒ½ä¸ŽçŽ°åœ¨ç›¸é€‚åº”ï¼ŒåŠ å¼ºåŠ è¯ç³»ç»Ÿä¸çš„自动化水平已ç»æˆä¸ºäº†å分迫切的需求。 我国目å‰çš„åŠ è¯æŽ§åˆ¶ç³»ç»Ÿä¸€èˆ¬ä½¿ç”¨æµé‡æŽ§åˆ¶çš„æ–¹å¼ï¼Œåœ¨ç®¡é“上é…置电ç£æµé‡è®¡ï¼Œé€šè¿‡ DCS 系统控制管é“ä¸Šçš„è°ƒèŠ‚é˜€æˆ–åŠ è¯æ³µçš„å˜é¢‘器这两ç§æ–¹å¼æ¥å®žçŽ°ã€‚
3.2 浮选槽液ä½æŽ§åˆ¶
在浮选生产过程ä¸ï¼Œå‡†ç¡®æŽ§åˆ¶æµ®é€‰æ§½æ¶²ä½ï¼Œå°†æµ®é€‰æ§½ä¸çŸ¿æµ†æ¶²é¢ä¿æŒç¨³å®šï¼Œå¯¹äºŽæé«˜æµ®é€‰æŒ‡æ ‡å…·æœ‰é‡è¦çš„作用,ä¸ä½†èƒ½ç¨³å®šæµ®é€‰ä½œä¸šï¼Œè€Œä¸”有利于æ高有用矿物的回收率和å“ä½ç‰æµ®é€‰æŒ‡æ ‡ã€‚浮选槽液ä½æ£€æµ‹çš„å‡ ç§æ–¹æ³•ï¼šç”µå®¹å¼æ¶²ä½è®¡ã€å¹æ°”å¼æ¶²ä½è®¡ã€æµ®åå¼æ¶²ä½å˜é€å™¨ä»¥åŠè¶…å£°æ³¢ä¼ æ„Ÿå™¨ã€‚é‡‡ç”¨è¶…å£°æ³¢ä¼ æ„Ÿå™¨æ–¹æ³•æµ‹é‡çŸ¿æµ†æ¶²ä½å¯é¿å…å‰é¢ 3 ç§æ–¹æ³•æµ‹é‡çš„ä¸ç¨³å®šå’Œä¸å¯é 的问题,通过在国内实践(采用特殊设计的浮ååŠè¿žæ†æœºæž„),超声波矿浆浮选槽液ä½è®¡ä½¿ç”¨è‰¯å¥½ï¼Œå…维护,克æœäº†å…¶å®ƒæ–¹å¼æ£€æµ‹çŸ¿æµ†æµ®é€‰æ§½æ¶²ä½è®¡çš„缺点,解决了以å‰æµ®é€‰æ§½æ¶²ä½è®¡ä¸å¥½ç”¨åŠæ³¡æ²«å±‚厚度ä¸èƒ½æ£€æµ‹çš„难题,给国内选矿厂的浮选槽矿浆液ä½æ£€æµ‹è®¾è®¡æ供了一个很好的手段。但由于浮选机使用机械æ…æ‹Œå¼è£…置,æ…拌强度较大,故矿浆液ä½è¾ƒéš¾ç²¾ç¡®è‡ªåŠ¨æŽ§åˆ¶ã€‚
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4.1 选矿自动化å˜åœ¨çš„主è¦é—®é¢˜
选矿设计ä¸åˆ‡åˆå®žé™…,主è¦è¡¨çŽ°åœ¨è®¾è®¡ä¸åˆç†;仪表选型ä¸åˆé€‚,ä¸èƒ½å……分å‘挥其性能,对生产过程ä¸ä»ªè¡¨å¯èƒ½å‡ºçŽ°çš„问题没有充分估计。
很多选矿厂在自动化系统投入åŽï¼Œæ²¡æœ‰è¿›è¡Œå®šæœŸçš„维护,缺ä¹ç§‘å¦çš„ã€ç³»ç»Ÿçš„维护体系,没有è˜è¯·ä¸“ä¸šçš„äººå‘˜è¿›è¡Œï¼Œåœ¨ç³»ç»Ÿå‡ºçŽ°é—®é¢˜çš„æ—¶å€™ï¼Œæ— æ³•è¿›è¡Œæœ‰æ•ˆçš„è§£å†³ï¼Œä½¿ç³»ç»Ÿå¤„äºŽç˜«ç—ªçŠ¶æ€ã€‚而且选矿厂在设备投入è¿è¡Œä¹‹åŽï¼Œæ²¡æœ‰å¿…备的备å“和备件,在问题出现之åŽæ— 法进行维修,对整个生产过程产生了严é‡çš„å½±å“。
4.2 选矿自动化的å‘展趋势
虽然我国选矿自动化应用ç‰æ–¹é¢è¿˜å˜åœ¨ç€å¾ˆå¤šé—®é¢˜ï¼Œä½†æ˜¯ï¼Œéšç€è®¡ç®—机技术,控制技术和电å技术的飞速å‘展,我国的选矿自动化技术得到了飞速的å‘展。现代集æˆçš„åˆ¶é€ ç³»ç»Ÿä½¿é€‰çŸ¿è‡ªåŠ¨åŒ–èƒ½å¤Ÿå°†å…ˆè¿›çš„å·¥è‰ºæ°´å¹³ã€ç®¡ç†æŠ€æœ¯å’ŒæŽ§åˆ¶æŠ€æœ¯ç‰ä¿¡æ¯æŠ€æœ¯ç»“åˆï¼Œå¯¹ä¼ä¸šçš„整体进行管ç†å’ŒæŽ§åˆ¶ï¼Œæœ€ç»ˆæ高ä¼ä¸šçš„è¿è¡Œæ°´å¹³ï¼Œæ高ä¼ä¸šçš„市场竞争水平。
现我国ç»æµŽçš„å¯æŒç»å‘展。
Tungsten carbide roller has characteristics of good wear resistance, high temperature red hardness, thermal fatigue resistance and thermal conductivity and high strength , have been widely used in high-speed wire rod, bar, rebar, seamless steel tubes, etc. Domestic production of tungsten carbide roller materials mostly WC- Co, WC- Co- Ni- Cr two series, and the content of Co, Co- Ni - Cr is in the range of 6wt% ~ 30wt%. From the use of perspective, tungsten carbide rollers has good mechanical properties, its flexural strength up to 2200 MPa or more, shock toughness up (4 ~ 6) × 10^6 J/ m^2, Rockwell hardness (HRA) is up to 78 to 90, widely in the high-speed wire rod rolling process, which is much higher than single-slot chilled cast steel or high speed steel rolls.Tungsten carbide is made of Tungsten Carbide Powder and binder phase (such as drilling, nickel, etc.), and then pressing and sintering, regardless of the conditions under cold rolled or hot rolled has excellent wear resistance, tungsten carbide rollers has been widely used in pre-finishing mill and finishing of high-speed wire rod currently. On the performance of tungsten carbide roller in hot-rolling wire rod , the material must meet the following requirements:
1. Sufficient anti-fracture strength;
2. Good abrasion resistance;
3. The smooth surface finish;
4. Excellent corrosion resistance, thermal fatigue, thermal cracking performance.
Tungsten carbide roller rings can working in bad conditions , small profile rolling (especially rebar rolling) process conditions is harsher than the high-speed wire rod, and therefore corresponds to the profile rolling ,tungsten carbide rollers recommend using high binder phase carbide.
Tungsten carbide roller material design
Pre-finishing all vehicles roller should ensure its high toughness, strength, rigidity and thermal conductivity, followed before considering its wear resistance. When designing each vehicles roller, pre-finishing materials should choose carbide grades of Co, Co- Ni- Cr binder content is high (greater than or equal to 25wt%) , requiring an average WC grain size of coarse (5μm ~ 6μm), to obtain a higher shock toughness, proper strength and hardness. For the finishing of the roller movements, particularly the last two rollers of the finish rolling, which suffered load is small, and high relative velocity of the material to be pressed (80 m / min ~ 120 m / min). In this case, the wear resistance of the roller to be the most important requirements, and must ensure the strength , timpact toughness and hardness of a reasonable match, so the binder of Co / Ni content ratio and the average grain WC control of particle size and other factors must have greater control in front of different pre-finishing rolling roll.
Tungsten carbide roller category
According to the structure of tungsten carbide rollers, it can be divided into solid tungsten carbide roller and composite tungsten carbide roller. Solid tungsten carbide rollers have been widely used in pre-finishing and finishing stands high speed wire rod mill (including fixed reducing the rack, pinch roller rack). Composite tungsten carbide roller is made of cemented carbide and other materials, and it can be divided into tungsten carbide composite roll rings and solid tungsten carbide Composite Roller. Tungsten carbide composite roll rings mounted on the roller shaft; solid tungsten carbide composite roller will be directly cast in the roll axis to form a whole, a large load is applied to the rolling mill.
Tungsten carbide roller production process control
Tungsten carbide rollers produced by powder metallurgy method, the key to its process control is the chemical composition of the material and the mixture was prepared, pressed molding, sintering and deep processing and other preparation process parameters.
1. Preparation of starting material (WC focus quality): As the WC raw material and quality control of the use of different levels of quality may fluctuate, resulting in adverse effects on microstructure.
2. Preparation of the mixture: Mixture preparation is the key to the production process of the roller, the roller of failure modes - trachoma, mainly generated by this procedure.
3. Pressing: roller pressing is an important process of the roller mill.
4. Sintering: roller sintering is to determine the final quality of the roller production processes, use of advanced low-pressure sintering technology, HIP sintering technology can greatly improve the performance of roller.
5. Deep processing: deep processing rollers have a greater impact on the quality and accuracy of the roller surface.
Carbide Roller,Carbide Ring,Mill of Rolling Line,Steel Wire Rod,Mill Rolling Finish Stand,Mill Roller Groove Type
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