Yungang Grottoes are divided into East, Central and West Districts by east and west. There are 45 major existing caves, 209 sub-cavities, carving area of ​​18,000 square meters. The highest figure is 17 meters, and the smallest is 2 centimeters. There are more than 1,100 Buddhist shrines and more than 51,000 statues. The history of Yungang Caves is 1,500 years old. It is the first time that Buddhist arts have been transferred to China from east China, and it is the first time that a nation has used a dynasty to sculpt a Buddhist art treasure trove. It is a historical monument of the integration of Chinese and Western cultures in the 5th century AD. . March 1961 was announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units; in December 2001, it was approved by UNESCO to be included in the “World Cultural Heritage†directory; in May 2007, it became the country’s first batch of 5A-level tourist attractions.
Yungang Grottoes was originally called the Wuzhou (Zhou) Mountain Cave Temple, which was renamed the Yungang Grottoes in the Ming Dynasty. As the cultural relics of the large cave temples during the Northern Wei Dynasty Jiandu Pingcheng (now Shanxi Datong), it was the beginning of the rejuvenation of the Wenchengdi Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the end of the Northern Lightning Age, which lasted for almost 70 years. The grottoes are rich in artistic content. Exquisitely carved, the Northern Wei Dynasty royal family that ruled northern China at that time concentrated on national craftsmanship, manpower, and material resources. It was a Buddhist temple created by generations and groups of skilled craftsmen, and it was the first large-scale grotto in the east of Xinjiang. The group, which is distinguished from other early grottos by its magnificent typical royal style, exhibits Buddhist culture and art involving history, architecture, music and many other aspects.
It is the spirit of oriental stone carving art, and it is also a model of integration of Chinese and Western cultures. It also represents the highest achievement of Buddhist art in the 5th and 6th centuries. It occupies an important position in the history of art in China and the world. It is also known as the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang and Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang. It is also known as the world's three largest stone carving art treasures for the three major Chinese grottoes, the Ajanta Caves in India, and the Bamiyan Caves in Afghanistan.
Of the 53 caves of various sizes, the fifth, sixth and twenty-fifth caves are the most representative. The open-air statue of Buddha (Sakyamuni seated image) in front of the cave is about 14 meters high. Its soft facial lines and its eyes are gods. It is a boutique in ancient Chinese sculptures; , like the height of 17 meters, is the largest Buddha statue in Yungang Grottoes.
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