1, Overview The valve is an indispensable fluid control equipment for petroleum, chemical industry, power station, long-distance pipeline, shipbuilding, nuclear industry, all kinds of low temperature engineering, aerospace and marine oil production. The development and needs of the above industries have promoted the development of the valve industry. In recent years, to meet the new requirements of high parameters in all aspects, we also pay close attention to how to improve the performance, reliability and cost of the valve structure, materials and production processes. Valve is involved in a wide range of products, complex varieties, a wide range of products, its quality is good or bad, the level of technology directly affects the development of various sectors of the national economy. Therefore, the valve requires strict control of the inherent quality. Some valves need to be recognized by the international authority in order to open up sales. For example, some power engineering valves, nuclear power valves, are subject to ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) approval marks for purchase. ASME currently uses "N", "Nv", "NPT" and other five kinds of tags. Oil industry valves to get the American Petroleum Institute "API" mark, in order to open sales. 2, the status of the foreign valve industry With the rapid development of foreign large-scale shift industry, valve industry, production and development is also very rapid. About 50 years ago, many countries have formed an independent valve professional and its industry system, with the valve industry organizations or professional academic organizations. For example: there are valve industry associations in Europe, the United States, and Britain; Japan has a valve industry association and a valve research society; and the EU and the former Soviet Union have valves. Design Institute. These valve industry and professional organizations, are to improve the production technology and external competition needs and set up. The current valve industry in several major industrialized countries is as follows. 2.1 Valve Industry Employees (1990 as an example) The United States has 77,500 workers, of which 70% of workers, technology and management personnel 30%; Britain 80,000; Germany 52,500; Japan 35,000; Italy l5000; France 11519 people. 2.2 The total number of valve manufacturing enterprises in the United States 900, the largest number of enterprises 3500; Japan 1507, the largest number of enterprises 900; Germany 450, the largest number of enterprises 3300; 490 in the United Kingdom, the largest number of enterprises 1,100; France 400, the largest The number of enterprises 1000; Thus, the largest number of valve manufacturing enterprises in Japan, the largest number of workers in the United States. Japanese valve industry workers only half of the United States, while the total number of businesses nearly twice the United States. Compared with the United States, the Japanese valve industry, the majority of small and medium-sized, larger companies have about 250. Since the 1980s, the number of workers in the valve industry in various countries has decreased to a lesser degree. The most significant decrease was in France, from 21,000 in the 1980s to 1,155 in 1980. 2.3 Total valve output (1990 as an example) U.S. $ 10.74 billion Germany 7.975 billion German mark Japan 4,841.33 billion yen French figure about 61.00 billion French francs (1987) Great Britain 610 million pounds (1986) 2.4 Valves International Trade International Valve trading market has been very active in recent years, the competition is quite fierce. Stronger forces are Germany and the United States. Germany is the world's largest valve exporter. In 1985 Italy Lee valve trade more than the United States, second. In 1987 the developed countries accounted for the proportion of total valve imports and exports respectively: Germany 22.2, Italy l6.5%, the United States 10.9%, Japan l0.7%, France 9.7%. In 1985 the world's top eight valves import and export trade volume rankings are as follows: Germany 2739.8 million German Marco, Italian profit 2l27.5 million German Marco, the United States 1833.I million German marks, Japan 1683.5 million German marks , France 1545.7 million German marks, United Kingdom l376.7 million German marks.
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