First, the commonly used
battery classification and characteristics At present, our commonly used batteries are mainly divided into three categories, namely ordinary batteries, dry load batteries and maintenance-free batteries.
1) Ordinary battery; the plate of an ordinary battery is composed of oxides of lead and lead, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. Its main advantage is that the voltage is stable and the price is cheap; the disadvantage is that the specific energy is low (that is, the energy stored per kilogram of battery), the service life is short, and the daily maintenance is frequent.
2) Dry-loaded battery: Its full name is dry-charged lead-acid battery. Its main feature is that the negative plate has high storage capacity. In the completely dry state, it can save the obtained power within two years. When only the electrolyte is added, it can be used after 20-30 minutes.
3) Maintenance-free battery: Maintenance-free battery due to its own structural advantages, the consumption of electrolyte is very small, and it is basically unnecessary to supplement distilled water during the service life. It also has the characteristics of shock resistance, high temperature resistance, small size and small self-discharge. The service life is generally twice that of a normal battery. There are two types of maintenance-free batteries on the market: the first one requires no maintenance (addition of replenishing liquid) during the one-time application of the electrolyte at the time of purchase; the other is that the battery itself has been charged with electrolyte and sealed off at the factory. The user can't add supplemental liquid at all.
Second, the structure of the battery The general battery lead-acid battery is composed of positive and negative plates, separators, shells, electrolyte and wiring pile heads, the chemical reaction of the discharge depends on the active material of the positive electrode plate (lead dioxide and lead) And the active material of the negative electrode plate (sponge-like pure lead) is carried out under the action of an electrolyte (dilute sulfuric acid solution), wherein the grid of the plate is made of lead-bismuth alloy for the conventional battery, and the maintenance-free battery is made of lead-calcium alloy, the former With 锑, the latter uses calcium, which is the fundamental difference between the two. Different materials will produce different phenomena: the traditional battery will reduce the liquid during use, because the flaw on the grid will contaminate the sponge-like pure lead on the negative plate, which will reduce the reverse of the battery after full charge. The electromotive force causes excessive decomposition of water, and a large amount of oxygen and hydrogen escape from the positive and negative plates, respectively, and the electrolyte is reduced. By replacing the strontium with calcium, the back electromotive force of the fully charged battery can be changed, the overcharge current is reduced, and the liquid vaporization speed is reduced, thereby reducing the electrolyte loss.
Since the maintenance-free battery adopts a lead-calcium alloy grid, the amount of water decomposition generated during charging is small, the evaporation of water is low, and the sealed structure of the outer casing is used, and the sulfuric acid gas released is also small, so that compared with the conventional battery, It has the advantages of no need to add any liquid, less corrosion to the wiring pile head and wire, strong anti-overcharge ability, large starting current and long storage time.
The maintenance-free battery has only a small amount of gas generated by the electrolyte under normal charging voltage. The plate has strong anti-overcharge capability, and has the characteristics of small internal resistance, good low-temperature starting performance and longer service life than conventional batteries. Therefore, it is not necessary to add distilled water during the whole use period, and in the normal case of the charging system, it is not necessary to perform supplementary charging from the removal. However, the specific gravity of the electrolyte should be checked during maintenance.
Most maintenance-free batteries have a hole-shaped liquid (temperature-compensated) hydrometer on the cover that changes color depending on the specific gravity of the electrolyte. It can indicate the storage state of the battery and the height of the electrolyte level. When the indicator eye of the hydrometer is green, it indicates that the charging is sufficient, the battery is normal; when the indicator eye green point is little or black, it indicates that the battery needs to be charged; when the indicator eye shows light yellow, it indicates that the battery is faulty inside and needs to be repaired or Replace it.
The maintenance-free battery can also be supplementally charged, and the charging method is basically the same as that of the ordinary battery. The voltage per cell should be limited to 2.3-2.4V during charging. Note that charging with a normal charging method consumes more water, and the charging current should be slightly smaller (less than 5A) during charging. Fast charging is not possible, otherwise the battery may explode, causing injury. When the hydrometer of the maintenance-free battery is displayed in light yellow or red, it indicates that the battery is near scrapped, and even if it is recharged, the service life is not long. Charging at this time can only be used as an expedient measure for emergency.
When conditions permit, the maintenance-free battery can be charged with a charging device with current-voltage characteristics. The device ensures sufficient power and avoids overcharging and consumes more water.
Generally, such maintenance-free batteries can be stored for 10 months from the factory to the use, and the voltage and capacitance remain unchanged. The voltage and capacitance of the poor quality will decrease after about 3 months from the factory. If you choose to leave the production date for 3 months at the time of purchase, you can check whether the voltage and capacitance of the battery meet the requirements on the manual. If the voltage and capacitance are reduced, the material inside is not good, then the battery The quality is definitely not good. It may be that the water battery is disguised after being charged by the dealer.
Third, the correct use and maintenance of the battery The maintenance-free battery can also be supplemented and charged, the charging method is basically the same as the charging method of the ordinary battery. The voltage per cell should be limited to 2.3-2.4V during charging. Note that charging with a normal charging method consumes more water, and the charging current should be slightly smaller (less than 5A) during charging. Fast charging is not possible, otherwise the battery may explode, causing injury. When the hydrometer of the maintenance-free battery is displayed in light yellow or red, it indicates that the battery is near scrapped, and even if it is recharged, the service life is not long. Charging at this time can only be used as an expedient measure for emergency.
When conditions permit, the maintenance-free battery can be charged with a charging device with current-voltage characteristics. The device ensures sufficient power and avoids overcharging and consumes more water.
The correct use and maintenance of the battery mainly have the following 7 points:
1. Check if the fixing bolt of the battery on the bracket is tight. If the installation is not secure, the housing will be damaged due to the running vibration. Also, do not place metal objects on the battery to prevent short circuits.
2. Always check if the pole and terminal are connected reliably. To prevent oxidation of the terminal, a protective agent such as petroleum jelly can be applied.
3. It is not possible to check the battery's power by direct ignition (short-circuit test), which will cause damage to the battery.
4, ordinary lead-acid batteries should pay attention to the regular addition of distilled water. The dry charge battery should be properly charged before use. As for the maintenance-free battery that can be added with water, it is not impossible to maintain proper inspection. If necessary, supplement the distilled water to help extend the service life.
5. The air holes on the battery cover should be unobstructed. When the battery is charged, a large amount of air bubbles will be generated. If the vent hole is blocked, the gas cannot escape. When the pressure is increased to a certain extent, the battery case will burst.
6, there is often a yellow-white paste around the battery pole and cover, which is caused by sulfuric acid corrosion of the column, line card, fixed frame and so on. The resistance of these substances is very large and should be removed in time.
7. When the two batteries need to be used in series, the capacity of the battery is preferably equal. Otherwise it will affect the battery life.
Generally, such maintenance-free batteries can be stored for 10 months from the factory to the use, and the voltage and capacitance remain unchanged. The voltage and capacitance of the poor quality will decrease after about 3 months from the factory. If you choose to leave the production date for 3 months at the time of purchase, you can check whether the voltage and capacitance of the battery meet the requirements on the manual. If the voltage and capacitance are reduced, the material inside is not good, then the battery The quality is definitely not good. It may be that the water battery is disguised after being charged by the dealer. Reposted from: China Electrical Industry Network
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