Advanced Manufacturing Technology Trends

The development of advanced manufacturing technology can be summarized in 8 words: "number" is the core, "fine" is the key, "polar" is the focus, "self" is the condition, "set" is the method, "net" is the path, " "Intelligence" is the prospect, and "green" is inevitable. The breakdown is as follows:

"Number" is the core "number" of development and "digitization." "Digitalization" is not only the core of the development of "information", but also the core of advanced manufacturing technology. The "digital" processing of information has three unparalleled advantages compared to "simulation" processing: information accuracy, information security, and information capacity. Digital manufacturing refers to the digitization of manufacturing. It is the result of the intersection, integration, development, and application of manufacturing technology, computer technology, network technology, and management science. It is also inevitable that manufacturing companies, manufacturing systems, production processes, and production systems are constantly digitizing. trend. It contains three major parts: design-centric digital manufacturing, control-centric digital manufacturing, and management-centric digital manufacturing. For manufacturing equipment, its control parameters are all digital signals. For manufacturing companies, various kinds of information (such as graphics, data, knowledge, skills, etc.) are transmitted in digital form through the network, so that according to market information, information can be quickly collected in virtual reality and rapid prototyping. Supports the analysis, planning and reorganization of product information, process information and resource information with the support of various digital technologies such as databases, multimedia, etc., to realize the simulation of product design and product functions, and the simulation of process and production organization processes, or Prototype manufacturing was completed to achieve rapid reorganization of the production process and rapid response to the market to meet customer requirements.

"Precision" is the key to development "fine" and "precision." On the one hand, it refers to the higher and higher requirements for the accuracy of products and parts. On the one hand, it refers to the higher and higher requirements for the processing accuracy of products and parts. Obviously, these two aspects are one and the same thing. With the former, the latter is required; with the latter, the former can be promoted. "Precision" can be said to refer to processing accuracy and its development, precision machining, fine processing, nano-processing, and so on. At the beginning of the 20th century, the error in ultra-precision machining was 10 micrometers, 1 micron in the 30's, 0.1 micron in the 50's, and 0 in the 70's and 80's. O1 micron has so far reached 0.001 micron, ie 1 nanometer. From a set of data, we can see the degree of dependence of microelectronics on machining accuracy. The manufacturing error of electronic components is 50 micron for a general transistor, 5 micron for a general magnetic disk, 0.5 micron for a general magnetic head, and integrated circuit 0. O5 micron, ultra-large integrated circuit up to 0.005 microns, and synthetic semiconductors is 1 nanometer. In modern ultra-precision machinery, the requirements for accuracy are extremely high. For example, the instrument bearings of artificial satellites have nanometer-level roundness, cylindricity, and surface roughness, and the genetically-operated machinery has a nanometer-scale movement distance, and its movement accuracy is 0.1 nm. Microfabrication and nanomachining technology can meet the requirements of nanometers and below, such as ion beam processing up to nanometer level, and processing by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy can reach 0.1 nanometers. In fact, nano-scale processing is moving atom-level processing.

"Pole" is the focus of development. "Extreme" is the extreme condition. It refers to products that work under extreme conditions or have extreme requirements, and thus also refers to the "extreme" requirements for the manufacturing technology of such products. Work under conditions of high temperature, high pressure, high humidity, strong magnetic field, strong corrosion, etc., or have high hardness, large elasticity, etc., or are extremely large, extremely small, extremely thick, extremely thin, and oddly shaped on a geometrical body. of. Obviously, these products are all frontier products. One of these is "Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS)", which is an item of cutting-edge technology that is highly concerned by industrial developed countries and related countries. It can even be said that "Pole" is a focus of the development of cutting-edge technology or cutting-edge technology products. For example, in the field of information, molecular memory, atomic memory, quantum well optoelectronic devices, chip processing equipment, military weapons, precision guidance technology, precision strike technology, micro inertial platforms, micro-optical devices, aerospace, micro-planes, Microsatellites, "nano" satellites (within 0.lkg). MEMS can accomplish special actions and achieve special functions. It can even communicate with the micro world and the macro world. Its far-reaching significance is difficult to measure.

"Self" is the condition for development "Self" is automation. It is a technique or means to relieve people's labor, strengthen, extend, or replace people's labor. Obviously, automation is important, and automation is always accompanied by related machinery or tools. It can be said that machinery is the carrier of all technologies and the carrier of automation technology. The first industrial revolution, with this form of automation to reduce, extend or replace people's physical labor; the second industrial revolution, electrification further promoted the development of automation. According to statistics, from 1870 to 1980, the efficiency of the processing process was increased to 20 times, that is, physical labor was effectively liberated; but the management efficiency only increased from 1.8 to 2.2 times, and the design efficiency was only 1.2 times, indicating that mental work is far Not effectively liberated. Even in the United States, in 1984, CAD accounted for only 40% of Ford Motor Company, 34% of General Motors, and 67% of Chrysler; thereafter, CAD development was extremely rapid. Today, a large number of design units in our country have “flipping the board”, and CAD has become very popular. Informatization, computerization, and networking not only greatly liberated human physical labor, but also more critically improved the level of automation of mental work and liberated part of the human brain.

"Set" is the method of development "set" is integration. The first is the integration of technology, the first is the integration of management, the first is the integration of technology and management; in the final analysis, the essence is the integration of knowledge, of course, the integration of knowledge representation. As mentioned above, advanced manufacturing technology is the integration of manufacturing technology, information technology, management science and related science and technology. "Integration" means "crossover," or "hybridization," which is to take people's strengths and make up for them. This is a major method of development. At present, "set" mainly refers to:

1 The integration of modern technology, electromechanical integration is a typical, it is the basis of high-tech equipment, such as microelectronics manufacturing equipment, information, network products and supporting equipment, instruments, instruments, medical, biological, environmental protection and other high-tech equipment. Obviously, in electromechanical integration technology, the key is often; a detection sensor technology; b information processing technology; c automatic control technology; d servo transmission technology; e precision mechanical technology; f system overall technology, and these technologies with many Related to the discipline, but also a "set." 2 The integration of processing technology, special processing technology and equipment are typical, such as additive manufacturing (ie, rapid prototyping), laser processing, high-energy beam processing, and electrical processing. 3 enterprise integration, that is, management integration, including the integration of production information, functions, processes; including the integration of the production process, the integration of the life cycle process; also includes the integration of the enterprise's internal and external integration. Of course, the integration of management cannot include the integration of management and technology. It is also worth noting that the "microfabricated biological method", or so-called "biofabrication", is a combination of biotechnology and manufacturing technology; Manufacturing technology, as an external device, adds or subtracts material to create "devices." It can be expected that this is a brand new field full of vitality.

"Net" is the road to development. The "net" is networked. The networking of manufacturing technology is the only way for the development of advanced manufacturing technologies. It is the integration and orderly development of manufacturing industries. This is in sync with the development of human society. The networking of manufacturing technology is determined by two factors: one is the need for production organizational change, and the other is the possibility of production technology development. This is because the manufacturing industry is facing multi-faceted pressure in the market competition; procurement costs are constantly rising, product renewal speed is accelerating, market demands are constantly changing, customer order production methods are rapidly developing, and the impact of global manufacturing is increasingly strengthened; To avoid a series of problems brought about by traditional production organizations, we must implement some profound changes in production organizations. This change is reflected in two aspects: On the one hand, through the use of the network, we fully enjoy relevant resources in product design, manufacturing, production management and other activities as well as the entire business process of the enterprise, namely rapid mobilization, organic integration and efficient use of relevant manufacturing resources; at the same time, This will inevitably lead to the decentralization of the manufacturing process and organization. Enterprises should abandon the traditional “small and complete” and “big and full” technology of “sunsets” and concentrate their efforts on their most competitive core business. In the networking of manufacturing technologies, e-commerce applications deserve attention. E-commerce digitizes business data, integrates digital information usage and computer business processing with the Internet, and becomes a new business operation model. In the networked manufacturing under e-commerce, supply chain management, customer relationship management, and product life cycle management together constitute the manufacturing proliferation chain. It has two major advantages: the direct and transparency of business, which is of great benefit to reducing costs, increasing circulation, improving efficiency, and increasing business opportunities. It has a profound impact on internal restructuring, business strategies, and competition models.

"Intelligence" is the prospect of development "intelligence" is intelligence. The intelligentization of manufacturing technology is the development of manufacturing technology. In the past 20 years, the manufacturing system is changing from the original energy-driven to the information-driven. This requires the manufacturing system not only to be flexible, but also to exhibit some intelligence in order to deal with the processing of a large amount of complex information and the rapidly changing market demand. With the complex environment of fierce competition, smart manufacturing is increasingly highly valued. The basis of the intelligent manufacturing model is the intelligent manufacturing system. The intelligent manufacturing system is not only the application environment formed by the integration of intelligence and technology, but also the carrier of the intelligent manufacturing model. Compared with the traditional manufacturing, the intelligent manufacturing system has the following characteristics: 1 human-machine integration; 2 self-discipline; 3 self-organization and super-flexibility; 4 learning ability and self-maintenance ability;5 in the future, with more advanced human-like thinking Ability. From this point of departure, it can be said that intelligent manufacturing as a model is an advanced manufacturing system that integrates automation, integration, and intelligence, and has continuous development in depth, high-tech content, and high-tech level. It is also an intelligent machine. A human-machine integration system composed of human experts. It highlights the use of computer-simulated human experts’ intelligent activities in various aspects of manufacturing to analyze, judge, reason, conceive and make decisions in a highly flexible and integrated manner to replace or extend part of human brain power in the manufacturing environment. labor. At the same time, the collection, storage, processing, improvement, sharing, inheritance, and development of human experts' manufacturing intelligence are, of course, still preliminary, but they have great potential and broad prospects. With the beginning of the era of the knowledge-based economy, knowledge will be used as the main source of productive forces, and it will lead to the replacement of labor productivity with knowledge productivity, and the value of intelligent manufacturing will increase. At present, especially the development of distributed database technology, intelligent agent technology and network technology will highlight the value of knowledge in manufacturing activities.

"Green" is an inevitable development "green" is "green", "green" is quoted from the field of environmental protection. The development of human society will inevitably lead to the harmony between human society and the natural world. It is to move toward the "harmony between man and nature." Human and human society is also a part of the natural world in nature. Part of it cannot be separated from the whole, and it cannot fight and break the whole. The meaning of “doing nothing” in Laozi is that it does not mean “doing” to violate the objective laws. Mankind must promote human and human society to harmonize with nature in all aspects, and manufacturing technology cannot be an exception. To protect the environment is to protect productivity; to improve the environment is to develop productivity. Manufacturing products must fully take into account environmental protection from the beginning of the concept, to the design phase, the manufacturing phase, the sales phase, the use and maintenance phase, to the recycling phase and the remanufacturing phase. The so-called environmental protection is broad, not only to protect the natural environment, but also to protect the social environment and the production environment, but also to protect the physical and mental health of producers. Under this premise and connotation, we must also manufacture products that offer low prices, good quality, short delivery times, and good after-sales services. As a "green" manufacturing, the product must also be a work of art to a certain extent, to adapt to the user's production, work, and living environment, to give people a noble spirit of enjoyment, reflecting the height of material civilization, spiritual civilization and environmental civilization blend. Every development and adoption of a new technology should be based on a philosophical level. Deliberately thinking that “Sedang Dema is not a curse”, we must fully consider sustainable development and take into account environmental civilization.