The underwater archaeological boat built in Chongqing is to explore underwater treasures. So, what are the treasures of cultural relics in Chongqing? The day before yesterday, Chongqing Evening News reporter interviewed Vice Chairman of Chongqing Municipal Literature and History Research Association and Chongqing Wenbo Researcher Lin Bizhong.
Lin Bizhong introduced that there are at least three types of treasures underwater in Chongqing waiting for archaeological excavations and waiting for declassification.
Category A Underwater Treasure
From ancient times to the present, the Yangtze River and Jialing River are important inland river hubs. A box of coins, antiques, etc., loaded on a ship for a long journey, will inevitably encounter an accident, either hit the rocks and sink, or disappear mysteriously because of bad weather.
“Ciishokukou Jiushigang, Coral dam, Hualongqiao, Hechuan Qimen Beach, and other places where there were wharfs, shoals, and backwaters, there were traces of sunken ships.†Lin Bizhong said that until now, there are people going These shallows Taobao.
Hechuan Gold Town
5 tons of coins sleeping on the bottom of the river
There is a gold town in Hechuan District. Why is it named gold? Local villagers suspect that perhaps the older generation discovered that there was a treasure here. The most famous sunken ship in Chongqing is the gold shipwreck.
In April 2003, the people accidentally discovered ancient coins in the Jialing River of Xiyou Village in Jincheng Town. Later, the National Archaeological and Cultural Archaeological Department intervened to collect salvage for nine consecutive days, and about five tons of coins, about one million pieces, were salvaged in a depth of 2 to 3 meters.
Most of the coins are Song Yuanfeng and Huangsong in the Northern Song Dynasty, as well as the money springs, cloth springs, half, two and five cents coins of the Western Han Dynasty, and the Liao, Jin, and Xixia coins of the same period as the Northern Song Dynasty. If these coins are classified by age, year, and name, there are more than 50 kinds.
When did the ship carry these huge amounts of ancient coins? Lin Bizhong conjectured that perhaps it was the official ship that was taxed at that time, and it hit the rocks and sank in the process of transporting coins.
Wushan territory
Zhang Xianzhong Shen Jiang Treasure
In 1646, the Qing Army attacked Sichuan and Zhang Xianzhong was forced to withdraw from Chengdu.
There have been children singing this way: "Stone cows on the stone drums, silver five thousand five, some people know how to break, buy Chengdu House." What is said is Zhang Xianzhong's treasure.
"Pengshan County Chronicle" records: Shunzhi three years, when Zhang Xianzhong evacuated from Chengdu, because the dry road has been blocked by the Qing army, had to divert the waterway out of Sichuan. When the fleet set off from Chengdu and traveled from Jinjiang to the mouth of Jiangkou in Pengshan County, they were ambushed by Yang Zhan’s troops and almost completely destroyed. Many wooden boats filled with gold and silver sank in the waters of the Jiangkou of Pengshan County.
However, in the “Symptoms of Dying Difficulty,†it was recorded that when Zhang Xianzhong’s troops pulled out of the waterway, they were unable to carry more than two pieces of silver. So they ordered the craftsmen to make a lot of wood clip grooves, put silver ingots inside, let it drift along the river and send people to Wushan nearby. The narrow river section was salvaged.
"Although the Qing government once organized salvage, only part of it was recovered. Whether the rest of the silver went to Wushan or not, it still needs further underwater research." Lin Bizhong said.
Hechuan Yimen
Underwater fish out ancient money
In 2007, hundreds of ancient coins were excavated from Hechuan, the city's archaeological and cultural archaeological site. In the cleanup area of ​​nearly 10,000 square meters, there were unearthed Wuyi in the Han Dynasty, Kaiyuan Tongbao in the Tang Dynasty, ancient Kangxi, Qingzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and other ancient coins in the Qing Dynasty. Hundreds.
"It may be sunken on the merchant ship." Lin Bizhong said that these ancient coins were unearthed during the rescue excavation of the Hechuan Chuanju Longtan shipwreck site and the compass earth site in the construction area of ​​the Caojie Navigation and Hydropower Junction. The hull and the bones of the victims have long since been excavated. No trace.
Ciqikou Jiushigang
People in the dry season come to dig the treasure
Ciqikou was once an important commercial port in the lower reaches of the Jialing River. Each state and county has a large number of bank silver, silver, and tax silver shipped to Beijing every year.
Cijikou Jiushigang Dam, up till now, people in the dry season can also dig out coins of various ages from river sand and stone seams. In Lin Bizhong's opinion, apart from the sunken ship, there is an argument that because the port of Ciqikou is a shallow bank, many dynasty crossing ships have come to worship here, sincerely for the table, they have thrown copper coins into the water. Over time, the coins are getting more and more.
B underwater inscription
In the rivers along the Chuanjiang River or on the rocks in the river, the ancients often used chisel writing to record changes in water conditions. With the impoundment of the Three Gorges reservoir area, even in the dry season, some inscriptions are difficult to reveal. Underwater in Chongqing, what are the hydrology inscriptions?
Hechuanzhao Mirror Stone
Three Years of the Calendar of the Tang Dynasty
It is located in Jialing River, Longdong Temple, Zhaojing Village, Yanjing Town, Hechuan District. According to historical records, there are three years of the Tang Dynasty Daishi calendar (AD 768) and Wang Shuo, the name of the stone mirror in the water, and the calendar year is three years. This stone is sent out, the soldiers are given an interest, the Lai is returned, the six atmosphere is adjusted, and the grain is cooked. , the provincial governor and the guardian of the history of Wang Yuji "and other inscriptions.
In 2007, stone water from mirror stone was relatively high, and the city’s cultural relics and archeological institute went to investigate.
Jiangjin Lotus Stone
38 inscriptions record 800 years of hydrology
Lianhua Stone is also called Pick Stone. It is located in Jiangzhong, the north side of the Yangtze River waterway outside the east gate of Jijiang Township, Jiangjin District. It consists of 36 reefs and is shaped like a lotus flower. When fully exposed, the area can reach 800 square meters. The entire lotus flower is engraved with 38 paragraphs and records the dry conditions of the Yangtze River in the nearly 800 years between the middle period of the Southern Song Dynasty and the 26th year of the Republic of China. It is of great value in hydrology and archaeology.
There is also an ancient poem on the lotus flower stone: Buy a boat to a few rivers, smoke and water, moonlight and moonlight, and look back at the yangko dance office. The author of the poem was the Ming Dynasty Xie Qiufang from the Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty. He said that Xie Qiufang had known and fell in love with the Jiangjin Yansheng who was an official in Yanzhou.
Chaotianmen Lingshi
Record the hydrology from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty
Chaotianmen Lingshi is a dry stone carving and is located on the underwater stone tray in the center of the Shiliang River at the junction of the Chaotianmen Yangtze River and the Jialing River. It is about 200 meters long. There are 12 pieces carved from the Eastern Han Dynasty Jianwu Period to the Qing Emperor Kangxi Period. Years of dry records.
In 2003, the Chaotianmen water level fell below the zero water mark, and the experts of the cultural relics thought that it was the best time to find Lingshi, and the organizers sought it, but no traces of Lingshi had been found.
Jiangbei consumption children stone
Underwater preservation of 1064 inscriptions
It is located on the route of the Yangtze River, 5 km downstream of the mouth of the Yangtze River, and is 2.4 meters long, 0.8 meters wide, 0.65 meters high and weighs 4 tons. It is named after a mouse. On the rock face at the end of the center of the river, there are about 30 characters engraved on the records of the three-year harvest of the Houji Mingde. The inscription was preserved under water for 1064 years.
Fuling Baiheliang
Well-preserved world's only ancient hydrological station
Baiheliang is a stone beam in the Yangtze River in the Fuling region. It emerged from the water during the dry season in the late winter and early spring and is about 1600 meters long. The main part is 220 meters and the width is about 15 meters. It changes with the water level. UNESCO hailed it as the only preserved ancient hydrological station in the world.
Yunyang Longji Stone
The longest low water level record in the world
Long Jishi, which is more than 200 meters long, 10 meters wide, and 85.61 meters above sea level, is located in the river core of the Yunyang old county, and is famous for its dry water with Bailingliang and Chaotianmen. Its shape resembles a white dragon Qianjiang, hence the name Longjishi, also known as Longquanshi.
Long Jishi's ancient poems are extremely rich in inscriptions. There have been more than 170 stone inscriptions since the Northern Song Dynasty (1088 AD). Among them, the 68 hydrographic stone carvings in 53 dry years since the Song and Qing dynasties have become important hydrological historical data of the Yangtze River. This is the longest recorded dry water level record in the world.
Fengdu Dragon Bed Stone
40 Inscriptions in Southern Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty
Located in the heart of the Yangtze River outside the South Gate of the city of Fengdu County, it is also known as the Long Bedrock, Longchuan Stone, and Bijiashan Mountain. It is a long-form underwater stone with a length of about 28 meters and a width of about 13 meters.
There are about 40 inscriptions on the Dragon Bed Stones. At present, the earliest inscription is the Shaoxing Period of the Southern Song Dynasty. There are also the inscriptions between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Daedian Period of the Yuan Dynasty. Dragon bed heaps, stone carvings and other large characters inscribed.
Class C Underwater Manor
In addition to ancient shipwrecks and hydrographic inscriptions, there is also a manor house in Chongqing that is mysteriously submerged by geological disasters.
Minjiang Xiaonanhai is now the city's largest natural lake, and it evolved from the formation of earthquake-damaging lakes. Legend has it that the lake was flooded with the Luo family ancestral hall and a large number of farmhouses.
According to local reports, when the earthquake struck, Luo’s ancestral hall was just completed. There are also local fishermen who claimed that when the water was dry in the winter, they had vaguely seen the Diaojiao House in the water.
Lin Bizhong frankly stated that from the perspective of Shi Zhihang, he did not detail the richness and construction scale of Luojia Temple. “But the earthquake caused a lake and submerged people's houses are still available.†Lin Bizhong revealed historical materials and wrote in the book: “The Qing Xianfeng May 6th Scorpion (June 10, 1856) Houba Township landslides ... More than dozens of residents died..."
Lin Bizhong introduced that the archaeological department had planned to carry out archaeological work under the Xiaonan submarine waters with the local tourism bureau. “The mystery of the mysterious manor house needs underwater archeology to uncover.â€
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