Process mineralogical characteristics of refractory gold ore
Mineralogy from the process point of view is the mode of occurrence of refractory gold ore in gold and composition of minerals reasons hindering gold cyanide leaching, and can be attributed to the physical and chemical interference parcel into two categories.
For the physical package, mainly referring to submicroscopic gold particles or granular form of dipping or wrapping in highly dispersed form of minerals other body, the body wrapped in gold minerals are mainly pyrite and arsenopyrite (arsenopyrite), followed by copper The sulfides of lead and zinc , the presence of gold in quartz and sulfate are less, but the gold in quartz and silicate is not currently economically recoverable.
Physical packaging is currently the most important and important type of refractory gold ore, and it is also the most studied and well-solved refractory gold mine. It is worth noting that the main minerals that are present in the packaged gold, such as pyrite and arsenopyrite, are also one of the main factors causing chemical interference. For chemical interference, it mainly refers to the presence of cyanide, oxygen and gold adsorbing substances in the ore, which cause the gold ore to be difficult to dip. Specifically, it can be divided into : (1) various sulfide minerals containing cyanide in gold ore ; (2) minerals that consume oxygen during decomposition ; (3) gold complexes capable of adsorbing dissolved in ore Carbonaceous matter, its nature is similar to that of activated carbon, causing “robbing gold†phenomenon ; (4) minerals such as arsenic, antimony and lead existing in ore, dissolved to form certain compounds or colloids adsorbed on the surface of gold particles to form a protective film, hindering Gold leaching ' (5) gold exists in the form of insoluble gold or compounds ; (6) when gold is in contact with other conductive minerals, the anode dissolution of gold is passivated. However, the most common and most difficult refractory ore in chemical interference is high-arsenic, high-sulfur and high-carbon sulfide ore, which is a common problem in the world. In the high-arsenic, high-carbon and fine-grained gold deposits discovered in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other places, the prospective reserves of gold are more than several hundred tons.
For the process mineralogical characteristics of refractory gold ore, there are several ways to improve the effect of difficult to extract gold ore :
(1) The inclusions are broken by mechanical means to dissociate the gold.
(2) Pretreatment before cyanidation, the purpose is to oxidize and decompose the host mineral to dissociate the encapsulated gold and remove some interfering components such as oxidative roasting, pressure leaching and bacterial leaching.
(3) Non-cyanide leaching method is adopted to avoid the adverse effects of substances that interfere with cyanide process, such as thiosulfate or sulfur vein leaching.
(4) Strengthen or improve the cyanidation process, such as pressure cyanide, oxidizing cyanide, adding certain chemicals to shield or eliminating the interference of harmful components on cyanidation.
In recent years, the number of gold ore used to treat refractory ore technology has grown rapidly, but from the actual research and production conditions, it is mainly oxidative roasting, pressurized oxidation and bacterial pre-oxidation.
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