Soil moisture monitoring is the basic work for the study of the law of water circulation, irrigation for agriculture and animal husbandry, rational use of water resources, and basic information collection for drought relief. However, there has been a lack of a complete soil moisture monitoring and regulation system in the country. There is a limitation to the understanding of soil moisture content, and its monitoring is only understood as the monitoring of soil moisture content. In fact, from the beginning of 2003, China began to attach importance to it, and has already submitted a preliminary draft. The soil moisture monitoring standard includes the elements of moisture content and drought detection, the deployment of public opinion detection stations and station networks, the monitoring of lyrical and drought conditions, and the representative areas. Survey, soil moisture determination method, soil monitoring system and reporting methods.
This article focuses on the first part of the soil moisture monitoring elements for detailed analysis, through the analysis of this article, hoping to correct the narrow understanding of soil moisture has been everyone's understanding.
Soil moisture monitoring factors are closely related to meteorological conditions, soil and soil moisture status, crop species and their growth and development status. Therefore, it can be considered that meteorological conditions, soil physical properties, soil moisture status, crop species and growth and development status are The four major elements of soil moisture monitoring.
Meteorological elements
Meteorological observation elements mainly include precipitation, air temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, wind speed, surface evaporation, low temperature, and sunshine. Meteorological element data can be obtained from meteorological observation data from the meteorological stations, hydrological stations, and agricultural management stations within or near the public opinion detection area. The meteorological observation site shall be established when there is no meteorological and hydrological station within the public opinion detection area and nearby areas. The construction of meteorological observation sites should meet the specifications of meteorological observation sites. The daily precipitation, daily average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, daily average humidity, daily maximum, minimum relative humidity, daily mean air pressure, average daily low temperature, maximum ground temperature, minimum ground temperature, and average daily wind speed , daily water surface evaporation, sunshine hours and so on. The instruments and equipment that set up the weather station should be configured according to the requirements of the meteorological department, and the observing, recording and data reorganization of the meteorological elements should be carried out according to the observation specifications of the meteorological department. In addition to collecting meteorological data, the public opinion monitoring station should also collect forecasts of future weather trends from the local meteorological department to understand the future weather changes in the public opinion monitoring area.
Soil physical properties and soil moisture
Soil physical properties Soil texture is determined by the soil texture, the texture of the soil, the structure of the soil, the specific gravity of the soil, the dry bulk density of the soil, and the porosity of the soil. The method of determining soil texture is based on the international standard classification method. get on. When the vertical distribution of the soil has a hierarchical structure, different levels of soil texture and other soil physical properties need to be analyzed. The soil moisture constant is an important indicator of soil moisture characteristics. It mainly includes saturated moisture content, field water holding capacity, withered water content, and appropriate water content in different crop growth periods. The soil moisture content is the main indicator for the detection of moisture content and drought conditions. The soil moisture status can be expressed by the four indicators of weight water content, volumetric moisture content, soil moisture content, soil water storage capacity, and soil relative humidity. Weight water content and volume water content can be converted to each other.
Shallow groundwater
The change of shallow groundwater level and groundwater depth is one of the important factors affecting the soil moisture content change. Groundwater observation elements include groundwater level, groundwater depth, groundwater temperature, and groundwater quality. The shallow groundwater depth in the plain area should be observed in the groundwater level changes and groundwater depth. When there are groundwater logs in the vicinity of a representative block where soil moisture content is observed, observations of changes in groundwater level can be used. The elevations of the block where the groundwater well is located and the soil moisture content detection block should be basically the same. Record the location of groundwater wells, surrounding landforms and grounds, and investigate the water usage and water patterns of the groundwater wells. When the wells are irrigation wells, irrigation pumping period data cannot be used for groundwater level observations. In areas with shallow groundwater depth, dedicated groundwater level logging should be built when there is no groundwater logging near the soil water observation point. Measure ground elevations of groundwater wells, collect multi-year average groundwater level, highest groundwater level, lowest groundwater level, maximum and minimum groundwater levels, and maximum and minimum groundwater depths. When the groundwater well has a self-recorded water level, it can collect the daily average groundwater level, the monthly average groundwater level, the maximum and minimum groundwater level of the month and year, and the maximum and minimum groundwater depth.
Crop growth and development and sensibility factors
The national and local public opinion monitoring stations should collect the crop planting conditions in the representative area, that is, the types of crops, the distribution of crops, and the percentage of various crops in the total area. While observing the soil moisture content, the sowing date of the crop, the growth period of the crop, and the growth and development of the crop were observed. Record the moisture status of the crop that represents the plot. Record the moisture status of the crops on the surface plots, which are expressed by grading, soiling, normal, water shortage, and drought. Collect suitable soil moisture data for different crops and different growing seasons. This water content is generally expressed as the relative humidity of the soil. Dryland water accumulation in the field for more than 24 hours, earthworm surface reach the soil surface as the stain, the soil moisture content is less than the appropriate soil moisture content for the lack of water (removal), the soil moisture content is less than the withered moisture content when the drought. Data on the critical water content of different crops in different growing seasons were collected for delocation and drought. The dates of the beginning of delocation and drought, the days of drought, the extent of drought in the region, and the distribution of drought were recorded.
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